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A.ble Revie-\v of tlae Sittiation. 



HON. J. A. GARFIELD^ 

r>(ellvel.•<e^^l:.;a*, ^Tai-i-on. O., .-.Sept. .Isj .18e«>. 



■' Gkn. Gaefikmi opene<l the campaigii in his | 
'District, at Warren, Dhin, on SaturJay, when , 
he delirtred the following speech : 

Pkllow-Citizkns :— Tlie great conflict of 
arms througli wliich the nation ha-^ pa«<ed, 
the many and peculiar consequences resulting 
therefroin. ■•ina espiecially the new duties de- , 
Tolring upon the people, must, for the present 
and for ni.any ye.irs to come, he the chief tup- | 
ic of political discussion. The stupendous I 
facts of the liebellion oversliadow and involve 
all other political considerations, and the new 
problems arising out of the contest are liesot 
with difticultiesof unusual raasjuitude. The i 
work of overcoming these difficulties and 
salving these problemglio-s been committed by 
tlie good pi'o])l<' of the United States to their ^ 
representatives in the executive, legislative 
and judicial departments of the Federal Gov- 
ernment, and scmie programs has been made | 
during the past year. "l shall undertake to j 
prove to you.nij- fellow-citi7.ens,what progress 
the scrvant.s ot tlie people have made in the ' 
discharge of tlusi^ higii duties. I shall speak ' 
of the progi-ess made durihg the past year in 
I. Our fin.tncial affairs ; 
II. Our Tuilitary affaii-s : 
III. The restoration of the States lately in 
rebellion. 

The peciiniary cost of the war was enbr- 
raou.s, and without a parallel in history. It 
is iiupossible even to comprehend tlie sum ex- ' 
jiended. It can only be understood when \ 
compared with otlier expenditures. In tlie \ 
statements I shall make concerning the cost ', 
of the war. let it, be I'eraembered th.-it I do not 
include the loss occasioned by the withdraw- 
al of more than two millions of laborers from [ 
industrial jpursuits, nor the v.ist sums expend- I 
odby vSrates, counties, cities and individuals, i 
in payment of bounties, and for the relief of \ 
sick and wounded soldiers and their families, 
nor the Larger losses, that can never be est i- 
ni,ated, of property destroyed by hostile ar- 
mies, . The cost of which f shall "s}.cak it. that 
which appears on the books of the Federal 
'I'lc-isury. For three-quarters of a century | 
the debt of (Ti-eat Britain has been considered ' 
the financial wonder •■( the world. That 
debt, which had it« origin iri the revolution 
of 1688, was swelled bv more than <mc hun- 
dred years of wnr.a, ami other political disas- 
ters, till in 17'J3, it had reached the snm of 
one thousand, two hundred and sixty-eight 
TuiUions of dollars. From that time till 1815, 
a period of twenty -two years of terrible w.ar, 
England was engaged "in a life and death 
struggle with Napoleon— the greatest war of 
history, save onr own — and at its close in 
1815, she had added three thousand and fifty- 
six millions doll." ■> n it. a sum which 
all the world thought must bring her to fin.m'- 
cial ruin. From The HClth ilay of .June, If^fin, 
to the 30th day of June, 1S"6,J. the cxyendi- 
tures of the Goveriiniont of the United States 
were more than three thousand, five hundred 
millions. That is, in five yeai's, we increased 
our debt five hu;idred millions more than 



England had hors in twenty -two years of her 
greatest .war, almost as much aB she did in 
one hundred and twenty-five years of wai'. 

But let us compare ourselves witli ourselves. 
Our official records show that the total cost of 
our war of Independence wa-s one hundred 
and thirtv-five millions, and the total expen- 
ditures of th'' Federal Government, from the 
meeting of the first Oovcrnniont fni the 4th of 
March," l*8a, to June 30th, 1860, w.ns '.^,015 
millions of dollars, making the total expen- 
ditures from the beginning of the revolution 
in 1775 to the beginning of the rebellion, 
2,-i50 millions of doll.ars. That is, tlie ex- 
penses of the la.vt five years have beeti 1,250 
millions more th.in all other expenses sincn 
the Government was founded. 

According to the census of 1860. the tot.ol 
value of all the real and personal projierly of 
the United States was sixteen billions of dol- 
lars. The cost of the war was more than 
three and a half billions— that is, every 1,600 
wr.rth of riroperty in the United States was 
mortgagee! for the payment of 350 dollars of 
the public debt. Tiiis'debt is the money price 
which the nation pledged to save its existence, 
.and we arc bound by every sense of gr.ititude. 
honor and pati'iotisin, to redeem that pledge, 
principal and interest, to the uttermost far- 
thiniT, The loyal people have accepted the 
responsibilitv, and have cheerfully consented 
to bear the burden of such taxes as would 
hardly be endured by any other people. In- 
deed, a leading Eiis:lish 'journal has recently 
declared that if l\arlianient should impose a 
tax upui the English people as heavy .xs the 
one now paid by the people of the United 
States, it would cause a rebellion in that 
kingdom. 

More than eight hundred millions of dol- 
lars of our expenses were paid by taxation 
while the war w.-us in progress, and during the 
last fiscal year, besides ])aying our heavy an- 
nual exjienses, we have reduced the debt one 
hundred .and twenty-four millions of doUai's, 
so that on the first day of August. 1866, our 
debt stood at two thousand, six hundred 'and 
thirtv-three niilHons of dollars. Should we 
be able to reduce it at the same rate hereafter, 
the last doU.ar of it would be paid in twenty - 
one ycai-s. Nearly all of this debt is held by 
citizens of the United States who loaned 
their money to the Government at a time 
when traitors wor<; hoping .ind faint-hearted 
friends were fearing tliat our cause would be 
I lost. It wa.s a sublime and inspiring specta- 
cle to see the loyal millions, from the wealthy 
capitalist to the d.ny laborer, offering their 
I substance as a loan to the Government, when 
I their only hope of return rested in their faith 
in the iustice of the cause and the success of 
! our ai-ins. There wer<' single days in which 
j twenty-five millions of dollai-s were thus of- 
fered.' Less than half the debt is now in long 
bonds, which have from fifteen to thirty-five 
Tears to run, but one thousaiid, six hundred 
millions will fall due within two ye.irs and a 
half. As they cannot be paid by taxation in 



so fihort a time, Conpre», st it« last sewion, , m»y tifxvt a gradual decline in pold, and a 
pa»«d a loan bill, autboririnp thf Secretary j corre^pondiiig faU in prices, until ■we ahall 
of the TresBury to buy up these short bonds, reach the lolid basis of gold and silver. An 
and jiut on the market in their stead lonp uncertain aud changeable standard of value ie 
bonds, and if iiracticsble, at a lower rate of a great financial oril. If the dollar of to-day 



interest. The bill, however, did not author- | shall be wortL a dollar and a half in six 

\f 

Intimately connected | months the dollar should be worth that much 

less, the creditor would nuffer a similar loss. 

Let nic remark that if the Democratic par- 



ize any increaw of the debt, but tmly an ei- | months from now, the debtor must pa}^ fifty 
change of lonj; bonds fur short ones, which is I per cent more than he promised. If in six 
now being effected 
with our public debt is th« question of 

OIB XATIOXAL CfEEKNCT. 

At the breaking out of the war the curren- I ty, which holds to the extreme doctrine of 
cy of the country consisted of gold and silver I State rights shoulii come into power, they 
and the circulating notes of sixtwn hundred ! would, without doubt sweep away our na- 



banks,organiKed under the laws of the differ- 
ent States. The notes of these banks not be- 



i tional currency system, and return to the 
rretchcd system of State banks and State 



ing based upon any uniform security, were of j currency. "The maintenance of our national 
different relative value, and were always of I credit, and the ultimate redemption of our 
less value as they were further from home. — national debt must depend mainly on a wise. 
Our papi'r money system had become a gricv- just but severe system of 

ous evit for which there seemed to be no rem •' — 

edy. But the necessities of the war cimipell 



KKUKSAL TiXATIO!?. 

Until the beginninjt of the late war but i 



jd the Government to issue circulating notes, i of the great nations of the earth was >o light- 
and the opportunity was fortunately seized ■ ly taxed a« our own. We had not studied 
by our distinguished Secretary. Salmon 1'. the science of taxation, because happily we 
Chase, to sweep away the vicious system of had no need to do so. But the war brought 
State banks, which had grown up in defiance \ the heaviest burdens on our people, and when 

the 39th Congress ajwembleil, we found that 
many of our taxes were laid upon those 



of the plain declaration of the Constitution, 

that "no State shall emit bills of credit or 

make anything but gold and silver a legal ' branches of industry which were least able to 

tender," and to substitute in its place our b«ai' them. Nearly all our revenues are de- 



present circulation of greenback and Natii 
al bank notes. Where a citizen holds a dol- 



rived from two sources, viz , tlie customs or 
tariff duties, and internal taxes. Congress 



lar of this pajwr in his hand, lie knows that made a thorough revision of the internal rev- 
there is one dollar and ten cents in Govern- enue system, and it is believed that many im- 
incnt bonds locked up in the vaults of the portant improvements have been (aitde. The 
Trea.sury at Washington, and pledged for the ! provisions of the late revenue law of July 13, 
redemption of that dollar, in case the Nation- 1866, arc based uymn the following general 
"" principles : 

1. ToabolLshor greatly reduce all taxes 
which tend to discourage the development of 
wealtli, and so to adjust the law that the bur- 
den should chiefly fall on realized wealth. 

2. That taxes should not bo duplicated by 
taxing the different processes through whicli 



al Bank should fail. This dollar is the same 
in Minnesota as Maine. It is national, and 
not local. 

But another and .still more important ad- 
vantage has been gained liy the change in our 
system of currency. Under the old. system, 
the (-ieneral Government had no contrtil over 

the amount of currency which might be put j an article passes in Vicing manufactured, but 
into circulation. Each bank issued notes in the tax should belaid upon the furnished ar- 
Bccordance with the laws of the State in ' tide when ready for sale. 
which it was organized. Now it is a well ' 3. That articles of prime necessity, like 
settled jirinciple in economy, that no more : provisions, clothing, agricultural implements, 
money is needed in any country than just the ] should be nearly or (juite exempt from taxa- 
amount necessary to effect tlie p.iyments to be tion, but the public burdens shovld fall up- 
raade in that country. If there be less than \ on articles which minister to vice and lux- 
that amount, the money market is stringent, ! urv. 

and exchanges are difiicult. If there be more. (3uided by these general principles, and 
the surplus will cause a rise in prices, or.what I finding that the ample reveaues of the Gov- 
is the same thing, a depreciation of the value ' arnment would enable us to reduce the amount 



of each dollar. By putting the control of the 
currenc}' into the hands of the Federal (iov- 



of taxation seventy-five millions. Congress 
proceeded to exempt entirely from taxation 



ernmcnt. Congress was enabled to regulate the [ the following articles. Building materials, 
amount of circulation in .nccoidance with the sucii as builriing stoni', slate, marble, brick, 
necessities of the business. The ra.st expen- [ tiles, window glass, paint, painter's colors, lin- 
ditures of the war required a lai'ge increase of j seed oil and other vegetable oils, lime and 
the volume of the currency. Before the war, 
about 30(J millions of money were needed for 
the business of the country. Much of the 
time during the war, we have had more ths 



Roman cement, and also exempt from taxa- 
tion repairs of all kinds. Also agricultural 
implements and products, such as machinery 
f(ir the manufacture of sugar, syrup and mo- 
1,000 millioiiF. Now, that we are returning , lasws, from sorghum, imphee, beets and corn: 
to the pursuits of peace, it becomes necessary i plows, cultivators, harrows, planters, seed 
to reduce the amount of our paper money. I drills, hand rakes, giain cradles, reapers, 
and thus bring prices down to »he old stan- mowers, threshing machines, winnowing 
dard. To determine whether there is too i mills, corn .shellersand cotton gins ; such ar- 
much currency is always difficult, but the ' tic]ea.of prime necessity as gypsum and fer- 
best criterion is the price of gold. We may i tilizers of .ill kinds ; "maple, beet, sorghum 
be certain that in times of peace, when there | and licet sugar, and molasses ; vinegar, sale- 
are great disturbing political causes at work. [ ratus, starch and soap valued at less than 
if a paper dollar is worth much less than a I three cents per pound ; American steel and 



gold dollar, there are many more paper dol- 
lars than the business of the country demand 



railroad iron ; and finally, all tomb.stone 
valued at less than $100. and all monur 



Therefore, in the Loan Bill, Congress provides j whether erected by public or private munifi- 
for a gradual contraction of the currency, i cence, to commemorate the service of Union 
Under the operation of that law. and with a soldiers who had fallen in battle or died in 
judicious management of our revenues, we I the service. They reduced the t.ix on cloth- 



1 



^- 



^-y 



mg and boots and elioes from six per cent, to 
two pel- cent. ; exempted milliners and drees 
makers from tax. and exempteii sboemakeis 
and tailors whose woik. exclusive of materi- 
als, does not exceed .f 100 per annum. The 
tax on slaughtered animals beinn; a war tax, 
was icpealed. Except cotton and tobacco, no 
agricultural product is now taxed at all. 

^Jfo license or special t.-ix is now required i 
of fai-mers. while all other pursuits and pro- 
fi-ssions are )e(|uiicd to pay such a lax from 
ten to one thou.saJKl dollars, and more in pro- 
portion to the amount of business. 

As an illustration of the viciinis system of 
duplieatiou of taxes, it was found th.atby the 
time an .Vmericanliook had been sold iii the 
market that then- liad been paid from twelve 
to fifteen seperate t:ixes upon it. Each con- 
btituent part of the book — paper, cloth, leath- 
er, lioards, thread, glue, gold leaf and tyjie 
material — hjid paid a tax of from three to five 
percent., and the finished article, wlien sold, 
had p.tid a tax of five per cent, upon the sell- 
ing price. The law was, therefore, so amend- 
ed .OS to remove the tax from the sejiarate 
jiarts and processes, and levy it on the finished 
jiroduct. On this principle the t.tx was re- 
]'ealed on mineral coal, jiig iron and castings 
for parts of m:ichinerj, ami placed upon the 
machine when fiiiLshed. Also the tax was re- 
moved from crude petroleimi and placed up- 
on the refinttd ai-ticle wlien ready for use. — 
The tax oti stoves and hollow ware articles, 
I'oi- domestic use was red need from six to three 
dollars per tun. That oui' educational forces 
might not be weakened, the t,ix on book.s, 
niai^aziries, newspapers, printing jiaper and 
all printing njaterial was gre.atly retluced. — 
The heaviest raxes are now levie.'l on distilled 
spirits, ale. beer, tobacco, cigars, refined pe- 
troleum, cotton and ga.s, carriages of higli 
v.Thie, gold ami silver plate : but silver t:d'ile 
ware ti.'sed by any one family, not exceeding 
f.irty ounces, is exempt from any tax. 

Fifty per cent, of all our internal taxes are | e>gn in-. 
raised on manufactures. .Stamp faxes, anoth- 
er very productive source of r 
nearly all paid by the bu.sinetis 
cnuntry. 

r.tHIKF. 

' Ine second source of revenue is t lie i.-u-itf 
duties on imported goods, from whieli we re- 
.-dize about one-third of all our revenues. 
* -A. carefully revised tariff liill passed the 
House, but w.as postponed in the .sJenafe fill 
next stesion. It provided for increased ]iid- 
te(!tion on American wool, linseed, tobacco, 
and cigars, iron and steel, and tlii' various .ar- 
ticles manufactured from them. A bill waa I 
however ji.issi'd, which will indirectly effect a 
considerable increase of tariti' duties! As the ' 
Law b<'fore stood, the ad v.alorem dufie.^ on im- ' 
ports wer<! levied on the price nl which the ar- 
ticles were purchased in the foreigTi country, 
exclusive of <'ost of transj)ort.ation to the se:i- 
board aud the various ])ort charges. Under 
tlielaw injporters iMHight their goods far in 
the interior and consequently paid the duty 
on a price much lower than the article ronld 
be bought for at the point of export. I!y flu- 
new law the duty is to be levied on the arti- 
<-let after there have been added to the origi- 
nal purcha.se price all the transportation, stor- 
age, wayage, wharfage and ]«>i-t charges. This I 
will both increase the duties and piotect the 
(iovernment against fraud. 

On the general question of protection there 
are great extremes of opinion among the peo- 
ple of the United States and their extrcToes j 
appear in full .strength among their Eepre.sen- | 
tatives in Congress. 

One class would have us place so high a 
duty upon foreign iuerch.andize as to prohibit I 



the importJilion of auy artich- whic-l. tliis 
country pi-oiluces ,,r can produce. l>esides 
placing ourselves Iti an attitude of perpetual 
hostility to other tiations, and greatly i-educ- 
ing our carrying trade, tliis policy wouhi 
tend to make monopolists of all the l<-:iding 
maimfactuiei-s of this country, who could fix 
the price of all their i)ro<lu(-ts jit their discre- 
tion. If, OH the other hand, we should a<lopt 
the tlteoi it's of fhi- radical free trader, and de- 
clare that oui- tariff shall lie only for revenue, 
and notluTig for protection, and" particularly 
were that doctrine to be jnit in piactice at 
.such a time as in 1836, when wo had no debt, 
and a large sui-plus in the Treasui-y to be giv- 
en away, im one can fail to see th.at we should 
break down the dike which nur predecessors 
have erected for the defense of .-Vinerican in- 
dustry, which proiluc(-s nearly one-half of 
the .tnnual income of the people (for the man- 
ufactureil products of tliia country in 18G0 
were valued at .«il,(l00,ljl)n.000.) 

We shoiilil revolutionize our industrial Bj-f-tem 
and place us at the mercvoliureii:n uiannfaclurere. 
Let either or lliose parties Iraim- Mi- I u H'" ,.ni1 the 
result will be calamitous in il: '■ ' ■^'u-ree. 
One of tlie worst featur.-s olm:; i' -, -tern 

i> the irr. i'lilaritv and tli.- n-irr:i . n- ■ i.: i.- l-'-is- 
M^.n ir ■ . r, iviirv to tbr tiirit!. li -inK' 1 - li"- bu- 



seen tliat oue • 
place the priC' 



|i....^ibl(; lor llii |.-- 

lirices wliii-li "ur in,,- 
Ilicir linjilili-t. I iK.iil 
adjusted (oniiK-litiuu 
produels is Ihi- br^t LT, I 
teniatioiKil tni! ■ Ini 



and reu-'ilat 
'. --ire ! leutlania 
.f the I sues this lii 

year, appro: 



■!>• 



- ii , - ,,, -,, inneiil pur- 

, . -■ , , . -li.ill. v.-arby 

, , i, :.,. Ill-,- of Ire- trade. 

,■ luoo i,,.,ih .lolc to compete 

on eipml I t-ruis. I am for a i 



withothi-r i ,_,._. _ . 

tectiou wliirh leads loan uUimnte free trade 

lor that Iri-c trade wliicli can only be achieved 

Iln-oni,di I'rotfctiou. 

OUli MILIT.AHV .\FFAI1!S. 

When til.- reli.-Uion collaii-ed in Isii.j. we had on 

the rolls of ih,- W:ir Hcpiirlinrnl. and in the pay of 

tlK-<iov--Mn-ol .., !,-■ miUioo of-o).|irrs. A 

te-KK,, 1.^ .■':■■. • -I" \' o ",>. •■'..'■ :irtu- 



-I, , ■.. ■..,;, - ; liO • ' • tbesL- \'olun- 

,,..;,,',, , : (>!, - 1. >'ii',-i.'d men, no 

,i:sliml;",. !.. ;it. :ii.!.|. '■'<■■ ■■ '!■■ "f Hiil appli- 
cant- }inist i.l-odlirr,^;/. ■• ' ■ '■«■■■■•' '-land 

(-apariiv. stand an <-x:lii ■:, i - - • ■ ■■ n'l. and 

show in addition to il, ■• ■ ' Ibey 

liavi- fn-.br-l'v and .-tl.- - ■ •; • "i'T i- ^ ra- 
cers or men at -oin ; il. ,i,_- iIk- \>arai:ainst the 

ri-bellion. It 111- (I iliat four regiments 

■ d infuntry and : .■ i-i of cavalry thall l)e 

<-ohiri-d liien ,.ii,.i!i. - -'uiU be selected from 
those officers « I iiiiitim. d iidored troops dur- 
ing the war. It is also provided tiiat four regiments 
shallbe made up of ,.ffli->i> and enlisted men wlio 
received injuries while in the service of then- coun- 
try, t)ut are still able toperform jjarrison duty and 
other light service. Tlie pension list has been 
largely increased, and the pension? of soldiere and 



vho li.Kl lost both 



or both Ic.rs lias 1 of the South joiuL-d in a mad conspiracy to 
cil.jict to fhf ill- save and perpetuate slavery by destroying the 

:i i" ':'-' '' o-i"- Uiiiiiii, ill the nameof State sovereignty they 
' ' ' dnlarcd that secession was a constitutioiia! 

'.' " ri' ht and thcv resolved to enforce it by arms.. 

',V , ' " ,'•' "f, Thev (k-elarccl that as the Cnn.-titiiti..ii. to 
,,:,' M, ,,,-- wliieli caeli State in its sove'-'-h ^ii.i' ;■...■<■- 

H., ii ■ :■ "■ ,vY?/'i?— there being no euiiiiinii; -.h"- : to 

' ■'■■'-' Kvliirli a iiiattev of dift'ereiicr ( iiil.l ir. i. ;. ircd 

■ '■ ' ' ; . ,1, ;i Siat'' might also in it- 



I th. 



iiinpaet, i:i 



^l)t 



:ht annihilate 
lit eleven slaVL- S 
So far as it wa- j 
■red every tie that bound tliri 
TUry withdrew all their reiii. 

unt Ol' tlir Frdr 



■■' the 

The 

liook 



.rk. 



artii 

d all tbr Frdr 



.r II 



and ' 



al authority within their re 



a ..Ml-. .iiFed- 
eh; tliey I banged 



ill their State Constitutions, transferring their. 



.'ianec to 

,, -tvbal till 

llirv a>^llll 



VII erea- 
Ameri- 
.1, gath- 



ed uxclii 



r,.i 



thus' 



aud --„ - 

less term than two years. It is uiueh less 
just than the Hoiise hill, and being coupled 
with a section which increased the pay of 
niembcrs DfCoiiLiicss, I voted against both. 
Thev pa--'d tin' Uimse, Irjwever, by a ma- 
jorify nt Mil-, :mi,1 li-raiiie a law. It 'is hoped 
'and 'ijcIicNcd that tlie original House bill or 
some eiiuivalent measure will become a law 
at next session. 
But, though the questions of linancial and 



iiiilitarv lei;islation 
attellt " 



itiz 



..f tia 
1 lia\ 



dwelt to, I hing uiain thrill 



ballots oi iliepr.,],! 



riirst 

•rady 



■ ureat issues 
rttled by the 
ing election, 



The rcatoiatiou of the hlte rebel States. For 
clear understanding of the issues let us con- 



sidcr tiic I'liarartcr 


of thr (anili'st through 


which W !iavr ]i,!--ri 


. Thr la-lirllion had its 


origin ill :\\'> i aiisr- : 


lb-;, llicpnlitiral theory 


of §tat.- -oi.a-, iLliilv, 


;lld -riailld, ilin histori- 


ealaceidn;! ..: Amrr 


rail >l:IVr|-V. 


ThedMlrin,' nt St; 


tr -.ivrreigulv or state 


rights, a- 11 ha- Imtii 


II'. 11- liiildiv ("lesiiiliatcd. 


was tirsi .,:;ia;' iv .,11 


MM,,, rd ill 'tlm Vii-iiiia 


resolutl" : a 1 ,'-. : 


:1 ■- lull', ' h'-rati .' 


and ciiIm;. . .1 ir, 1 ;, 1 


mil ill l^:;il, -nil . y.'.:', 1 


time it la:- 111 ■ ii aal,i 


iw liali,^. tl a- a rnndalni li 


talprin.iplrin ilie 1 


reed of the Deniorialir 


party, ami has hecii 


ithrmed iiiid n-athmied 


111 ncarlv all tle^ Stati 


and national ])latfonii.% 


for the last thirtwra 


■s. That do-lriiir a- -ta- 


ted bv the abb-^i 1. ad 


a-- llir llinniM i-arv rver 


had, is this; "Tla ( 


ill-ntlllim, III thr I'liitrd 


States is a coiiiinri t 


■ .^bi'■ll piopl, ,,rilR. 


>rveral Slalrs ,,, mlr 


i a- .-rnaiatr and M.\,a- 


aa'li ti.r it-rli, .,[ '.in 


li;r.;,ll \l,rialiiill 'ill til.' 


Coliblitiuion d |i. 


1 -. , aa h h.r itself, its 


own 111. air and nira-i 


la . li' rr.lri'- - '' 


The Mini. ■ ]..iilv i.l. 


iitilii il ii-.ll uith theiu- 


terests of .\iii. ■ iran 


la-. ..-ry, aii.l lifting from 


it the urrat uri^ht 1, 


.idium which the lathers 


of the i:r|iiililiran la 
ehaniviii'ii ,iimI id\ uc 


d laid upon it became its 


When Ih'r ,la■^l^ ,, 


freedom had awakened 


theci.ll.i a III- ul lla 


nation, and liad gained 


such st 1 . a r • I : 1 , 1 - 1 1 - 


la.w the Deiiiucraev that 


slavery m .- Imivm i- 


tie.ked in its progress. 


and il- '.illini.nr i xt 


nation l.y iegi.-lative au- 


thorilj ■.ore-doomed 


the. Deinoeratic leaders 



sailed the Liiioli with the liio.,t s.ivage and 
merciless war known to civilized nations. It 
wa.s nut merelv, as s.inie inaiutain, a lawlesj 
iiisurreeti..n o'f individual traitors. It was " n 
,■;.'■,' /.(a.7. .,;..? av. a," wa^'e.l l.y ci^dit millions 
.if traitm-s, a.tiiii; lliniimli" il.-vcn traitor 
Stal^^ I i.n-nlidatril int.. a '.ngaiitii- despotism 
,,l' III 'i-iai - a iivrriinaiit f/a" r;..^.., to which 
11 ,. ■ . > , n ill I, - , . ■ I ■dad I a.tli-er.nf rights. 
! I . ( I, ..a ,1 1 I. ■, . ,,- a !,nnwl..^d-ed lisa^bbl- 
l-r; .ni I '• all lla' li^iliii. nations ot Europe, ' 
and at last bv every department of the Gov- 
ernment of the United States; by the Supreme 
Court in the echbratcd jarizc case* of 1S63, 
iind bi I I" all d ait- ..f both executive and 
lugi-l.a ,. ill i.,i.;aiiait-. 

"N'r. I- III iiaae clearly made up or 

nior., da ;p I 1. h i.ait.-tid. The Confedera- 
cv fou'^ht for slavery and the rights of seces- 
sion, for the destruction of the Union, and the 



establishment of 



rv. 
.•iielli.:: 



The 1.1 



ninient based on slav- 
. limudit to .l.stri->y the^ 



and 



slavery by in. ai 
both lilicrtvaiii 
and iiisrpar.d.h 
andd.ath strim 
no lon-i r dwel 
societv. Tlierc 



rth. 



Tla^y 



■in th. 



mild be no 



i.ii-hl t... sav« - 
r i.iisUiblish 
like thain one 
. It was a life 
as that could 
same political 
■ompromise- 



tliere could lie no peace ■nhile both were left 
alive. The one must perish if the other tri- 
umphed. • ■ 

There was no comjiromise. The struggle 
was continued to the bitter cud. In the larger • 
meaning of the word, there was uo surrender. 
The rebels did not lay down their arms, for the 
soldiers of the Union wrenched them from 
their srrasp. Thcv did not strike their traitor 
i':e_- it wa.s -!i..t .'I..W11 hv loval l.idlets. The 
ill ariiiv 11. vi l■^VHs,!i-l,u!ldi■.l■, lis rr',':nieuis 
lid liri^_Mila- u.Ti nin-l.Trd ..111 In lla- shot 

.mil -lia'l .if • virti.ri.ins armies. They 

iiaver luilled down the Confederate (.Tovern- 
meiit, but its blazing rafters fell in amidst the 
.■.mtlagration of war, and its ashes were scat- 
tered by the whirlwind of battle. 

And now, fcllow-eitizcns, alter the complct- 
est victory ever won by human valor — a victo- 
ry for the Uuiiiii which was all victory audno 
.■'..nir-si..ii; ad.Ta d.^lVat ..I llf r.la^l's, wiiich 
.vas all .f.f.at an. I im s,,i,v,nl.T, ^^.■ ar.^ asked 

to li-t.li tilth. 'as ii.lilii; pn.i.iisila.n th.ltthis 

war had no results licy.inil the iiicicfaet of 
victory. A great political jiarty is asiciiig. the 
sutlVages of the peoi.lc in support of the un- 
utterably atrocious assertion, that these red 
handed and vanquished trailors have lo.st no 
rights or privileges by their defeat, and the 
victors have ac.juired no rights over traitors 
and treason as the fruits of their victory I— 
Thes.^ antediluvian philosopher* setni to have 
turned down a leaf in the record of the life Of 
tlie Kemiblic in April, ISIil, and they propose ■ 
now , in the year of grace 1866, tobegm BgrtJii 
where they teased reading fivii ycars^Sigo, as if 



tUt-ru liad Ijuuii no criiiiu, no ti'(.-;iM,ii jni (klM"c' 
of blood, uo o\ti-tlii-ow of robcllio'ii no trt- 
nniph of liberty. 

And now IWIniv-oitizon.s wlio arc- tUu nu-n 
that udroi-fito this monstrous dooti-iiip ? lean- 
not answiM- tins .iuestion witliout disoussin- 
rutlv tlic- j.nblic conduct of the President oT 
the Lnited States. 

For the iir.st ei\i,'ljt months after the- eollaps,- 
of the rebellion, I did not hear that anv nre, 
inaknii;- tlirsmalle-t claim to lovalty orc'-r,- !.i 
todeny Ih.' li-lit nt the (iove'rnnic'nt tn Ir - 
pose cMhlitiuiis upoi, the States and ]».olr 
lately ,n rebellion. (Vrtainlv the i'rcsid.'nt 
did not. Botli in his practical management 
and ni repeated deeUirations he atliimed amiin 
and anam tlie ri-ht of tlie (-lorernment ttf de- 
mand security for the future and to require tiK- 



Tliccoiiti(le.ue(,ltiiei,eoiilewas i;ept aiive hn- 
,r 'n,?i , '■'■''»■"'"' 'Iwlm-ations to the Govoni- 

"lili-Tu-\rhis''arn'- 
uiieday 



pcrfornian 
rebel States as ii 
Yon Hill remeni 
addressed yon jn t 
the aneassination ■ 
tlie belief that .^u. 



ertain acts 
eliniinary to 



1 th. 



V- 
-toration 
1-.- th.if wl 
•., shortlv 




ciiU,\ 
pcrienet 



■ "I 111. liv-iiruii imservca. 

The American ncnple rcmemherert his repeated 

':',n ,"',',"' ''''\"-h"l!' Mihject. They remem- ! 
',' "' ', ''■'"■ -■"■ ;'!i :it ^:i"llvi^.. nn the nth day of 
V ■' •MC'iini til,, nomination of I 

^ ','.■;; ■;■ ;■ ■■•''I 'i-di)i,i.,ll,,„i„sian-uaj;e: i 
tl,„.t '■•/■" ■ .^•'"'•"-"-' ""J ilcxastation? It was j 
h .,7 ' ri;^" "I'i'lit he pat down and traitors pun- I 
shed. 1 herefore I say that traitors sliould take a 
nf'S r«'" ".V""-' "■?'■'' "•■ ■■••'"■I'triietien. If there 
I e hat nve thousand men m Tennessee, loyal to the 
Constitution, loyal to frcd.a.i loyal to ustice these 
true and faithful men -h.aiM r,,„tV, .1 the workof ro^ 



al de 



still 1 



■alie 



offi- 



.d of the rebel s,' '. '' ', ',' ' ,' ',': 'J"n;™d- 

totheiriiraclie;,!,, i,,„„, ,,,,,, ■, ,, ' ■ "•restored 

On the tisth of Oetoher lie- Secretary of Stat,. 

JoUows :' " ^"''""'•""'^ Oovernor of Geta-.da as 

■The President of the I-i,ited Slate- aim, 



nizatii 



that ih,' 



Ah. Ill-- • 

the halter : 
the Govern 
and traitor- 
tations nun . 
and sold to h, 



i;fs^l;i:;^H?^- "^^"^"^ -'•>- 



Ijiiii President ul' the L uited 

ilhn,- .anything that I haye not 
'v'leif treason must be made 
•' ' -I '■' laniishc'd and imnoy- 
slicd. biitlli,-ir 




ceased to h, 
11 ha« beeoiue a 
at to yotc withl 
'i/ienship and 



Id be subject to a eevere ordeal 
to citizenship. * » » 
rs have a thousa " 



ditions 11- 
1st, Th: 

dinances , 
■>'\. Tlt:i 



' " ' -e words : 

I ' -:.i. 1,1 , \,,v. -ith has 
• Nl'r u - 11 -ii,.,l with tJic 

lledi.'eins neressary the 
nances declaring tiiat all 
iiifs iu the State were un- 



it three 1 

Id declare theii 

cnnstitutii 



' 'rio 



still 



If 1 



It IK 



collie iinmei-iiii- 1,1,, I i,LH,.i,inii I,, I I'l 
a former Senator i if the I nii,.,! st n! . 
ors become nunieroiis eiuuedi ' t,,, t-,,i 
upectable;' and I say tliaf iiii, i t , 
odious, every Union" man im ' ,i 
should be reimbursed out of ti, 
who have iuliicted this •tcui -'' 
country." « * *° -SluIli'i, 
bellion may go on increasing in nuiiil 
State machinery is overfuniert. and th 
comes hke a man that is paralyzed 
But we lind in the Constitntion a "i; 

™1"'- I' VI, I, -that the raited St 

f"'-'-,"^' ' ■' ' ^I'all iruaranlee to ^ 
repul,,: 11, '.,,, I _,,-,L.rnment V.-t 
hash,,, 1, -,,, 1,,,, ,-eta-i,letl„ ,, „ 

Stat,' I,,. .,1,,,. ,, , i„ _| ,,„i. ,1,,; ,,'. , 

mo\,' in , , . ,.,| :■ 1' ,,1 ; , 



poiiiii _■ I' 
rebel s ,,, 
venticMi- re, i 
their Slati- (., 
have called ii| 
form the diitj 
ofmarantcehc't 
publican form of 



liiiiiiieiiei-- 
■I'her.nieNI 



■piuliate the rebel debt and 
"u tlie premises shonM be- 

- el aiitinnn there were ru- 
■onhler! the peacc of natri- 
ii-I'-red that the President 



'"I 'i 'li, -iiinmer of 

.■niil Nnrllieni Denincrats 
in the denunciation of his 
■d and private character. 



■ ■d. they 
i Demo- 
li- youth 
'■ Union 
former 
■e mani- 
1 liy the 



to 



State in the Union : 



coiisl 
i powc 
tga. 1 



id: -The 



he State institutions are prostra- 
grbnnd, and they must he taken 



(Vc must noi be too much m a hurry. It is Ixitlur 
to let them reconstruct themselvc:^ than to force 
them into it: for if they j;o wrouj; the power i* in 
our liandt*. and we can check them in any cta;:e to 
the end. aud oWipe them to correct tlieir errors. 
* * .■ * * * « * * lu 
TenuesseH I \mmi1(1 lr\ l(. introduce nejjro sufl'raj^^e ; 
tirst, those wli, iMvr -riled in tlie army; lliose 
who could I'jiil :iiel w lite, and perhaps a property 
ciualiflcatiiMi Ini cil,, i-. ^.av $-J«l or $450." 

When Con^Tcs- met in I3eeeml)er last there was 
i^reat anxiety ami no little alarm. From the first 
hour of the M-sion the little junto of rebel sympn- 
r.hizers, known a> ttie Deinner.ttie parte in Coiiu'ress 
liecame the euloi;i!-t< mill defenders .if the I'resi- 
<leut. Their dcmineintion-c.l the I'Tii.ni ].art\ . re- 
echood firmiliarly a^ ofolil thniiiL-h the halls of the 
<-'apitol : hut tlleir ei'ii-inrs w.Te turned to praises, 
their curses to hlr-MiiL'-. « Ihii they spoke of the 



■ faitli in .^^- 



said ; 



■■It i 



whole p' 
torlation sh 
ness to e.i- ■ i. 
and that, ni '!i 
future main tetia 
yond any doubt 
amendment to t 
the abol 



I >h 



''irlihnl'tl; 


limit.- nl 
1 of this 


ul 


and jeal- 


■e in tlie I'iMl 
ti,.Tp.-tual 1. 
■ pa-t. h,nv, 


.■- which 

Iv of 111.; 

x.'i iim.-h 



.)nded li.. 
every I). 
;ind"b\- . 

h.'red'ih 



III.' r.j 

tie 



.tie 



'• - ■ - .' ' 'S .1 It w.is not until th.' •-'.I ..f .\|iiil. 
I '■ ■' ■ :• :-l;nvdbvpr.lelaiuation that tlu- r.'- 
li'i';' :: i:e ' i-ei! in ten of tlu- States; hut ev.-n 
then he di.l u..! i i.usider il ended in Te.\.'>s It was 
not until the lueetin;,- of tlie Philadelphia Conven- 
tion, two weeks a^o, that he declared the rehellioli 
Slippressod ill that Mate 

"li" -Ml' 111— ere -rnlattu- for whom ;i.l. 

I ■ ■ ■ ■ e, I ,. - „;,- ilniiaii.led:' tlf the 

• ■■;-■!,' ; . e..i,i irlir] stales ii.it ten of 
'I ■ ' 'lie e-e '-inn- i.r li.valtv. l-'ifte.-n of 
" :■ i : I -I ii.Tals.irt'ulonilsi'n die r.-bel ar- 

:: iii- .if tlie relieU'on^Tess or secession 

I- :• did not l.iiii; leave US in doubt. Ill 

'■ • ' -■ . nt.,1 ,lel..-ation from \-ir..'inia. on 
' ■ "■ ' ' ! ' ieieiiv. he intimated his purpos,- of 
"■ ■ '- ..,•:, ;!i,.;,i,, 1,1.1 uitlitlieuisweeproundthe 

' ": "I I ' , and put down certain Hadieals, 

"I'"- ■ p'li' \ le ilriiiiiiiieedas -'a rebellion at the 

I 111 !li.' ■,'■,'.1 .ii Filiniiiv he addressed a vast con- 
i"i;i-i' .irx.irlliini li.niiicrats, of rebels in (-'oilfed- 
.r.it.' ria\, ami i if lieeessiuii sympathizers who 
hihl II' Ml III I'll out oftheir itoh's l.i bask in 
tie .-iiM-li'iie i.n'rebideiitial favor sine.- Kll- 

liaii 111 lii'tiayed his e.>imtry, all ..f whom iiail 
iissemliled to timiik him for luiviii;;' rcl'iiseil to 
,;,'ivc militarj |irotectioii to the iVeedmen of 
the South. The utterances in that siieeoh »re 
.m(y too -ivell lemoinbered. I -will not repeat 
tlieinhcre. 

Congress then nndertook to extend the pro- 
teetion olthe civil Courts over the black lov 
alists. The Presitk'nt refused his siuiiahu'e, 
hut your loyal Keprcsent;ttives were ahU; to 
l)ass it over his head. About the same time, 
the men of C.uinectieut -vvere stru""!in.' t.i 
.■lect, as their (ioveriior, a irallant solTh-r win. 
had fought for the Union with distiiiguisiied 
honor from the lie-iiining to the eiiil of the 
war. He was oiiposed by the wh.,h' strength 
ol thatrebel-h)ving Democracy, headcil by Ka- 
ton Touccy, whose "bad eminence" is a' part 
of the history of the rebellion. A IXinocratie 
member eif the Tliirty-eighth Congress was 
their candidate for Governor, ;md Andrew 
.J.)hnson threw the \vcight of liis great patron- 
age into the scale, recoiuinended his Federal 
office holdcr.s to work for English, and sent a 



score of his new found friends from Washing- 
ton to nrge the jieople to defeat the Union 
General. Thanks to the loyalty of Connecti- 
cut, they were able to defeat both President 
and Democracy and (ieii. Hawley was mnde 
Governor by u few hundred votes. 

The true men of the Cabinet still reiiuuncd 
in their places in the faint hope that he might 
yet comeback tothe party. But Andrew John- 
sou was content with no lialf way measure. 
He resolved on 11. ilhiiigle.-s tlian the defeat 
and oveithrow .d the C iiion party. By the 
aid of u .Senator and uii Ex-Govcrnor of Wis- 
cimsin. who had been repudiated by the loyal 
men of their State, H call was issued on the 
'.'Tth of .Tunc for a general convention of those 
who would endorse the President, to meet in 
Philadelphia on the Ibth of August. This call 
was iiuliirsed by the forty-Hvc Demoeratie 
members of Coiignss, inelnding such patriots 
as (iarreft Davis, of Kentucky; P.oss, of Illi- 
nois; Rogers, of \.'w Jersey ; Finck and Le- 
Blond, of Ohio. AVlicn the' Caliinet officers 
were asked to, join in tlie movement, Denni- 
son, Harlan and Speed responded by denoun- 
I'ing the Ciuivcntiini and sending in their res- 
iu'iiatinns. 

rill ('..iiv.ntioii assembled in fidl force aiul 
iinil. 1 I ill'- as rigid and with order and liar- 
iiiiiiiy as perfect as ever obtained nndcrthedis 
eii'linc of the Ohio Penitentiary, they have giv- 
en ns the results of tlieir labors in a decalogue 
of "principles" and an address of four news- 
jiaper coluinns, which must now In- regarded 
.1- the hit. -si revised iif the Pr.-si.l.n iV rebel 
nemiieiatie pi.li.v, •^.^ un.l'i'-lan.l lb.' policy 
\.liii'll the natii. 11 is HOW invited i.. a.iopt, it 
Mill be necessary to examine somewhat the 
parlies that composed and the purposes which 
iosiiired 

TIIE PniI,.\nEbl'IIH I'ONVKNTIOV. 

Tliree classes made up tlu- assemblage. First 
the unwashed, miannointed, uufoigiveii, iin- 
iviieutaiit, unhiiiu; rebels of the S(nith. They 
w. re r. pi.'seiiti'.l l.v such ]ioliticians as the 
11 In I \i.i' I'n-iil.nl. lately called from the 
. iis.inab's of I-'iiit Warren, l.iy his admiring 
constituents, to icprescnt them in the Senate 

I of the United States ; by such gallant Generals 

I as Dick Taylor, who, when hii brigade had 
captured in battle seven Union men who had 
escaped the rebel conscription in Louisiana, 
and had joined a \'eniioiit regiment to light 

; for the Union, compelled tliehi to dig their 

j own graves, and ordered theni shot in liis 
presence; by such elei-gymen as the Rev. 
Jesse B. Ferj;uson, who, years ago, (possibly 
in anticipation of the wants of "liis brother 

, Champ, lately hanged in Xaslivillc for twenty 
Union murders, )|.roelaiined n jfisl /;.uW(7« gos- 
pel, glad ti.liii;;s b.r the .lead and damned, 

j who g.iM till w.'ight of his ministerial charac- 
ter to aiil ill the il.'-lructiou of the Union,and 
now sii.ak- t..in htiigly .if the "lost cause;" 

' and last, but ii.it Icasl, by Gov. OiT, ;vho 
taught the blessed lesson that if South Caroli- 
na would join the arni-in-ann enibraee of .Mas- 
sachusetts, she must lirst slaughter ■;.">,(KXI sons 
of the Bay State. This first class formed the 
gix'at, dumh,heroic element of the Convention. 
The second class was the dishonored, depraved ^ 
defeated remnant of X.irthem Democracy. 
The divine Fcnuindo, the sainted martyr Val- 
laudiiriiani. the meek .veil Hvnders, and the 
patriotic II. Clay I), an w, -re there, and their 
pasl .IjsliiiLjiiiBhed sei'vii.'S in the cause of 
til. 'ir I'linnli'v wire. inly e.|iialed by the self 
Mil rili. lug spirit bv wliieb they preserved the 
harmony .jf the C.jnvcuti.m. "Tlie part played 
by the Democracy in the Convention was u 
humble one. Tlicy could not have looked up- 
on tlieir brother "delegates from the South 
without feelings of reverence and admiration 
f.'r the heroism wliich led them to battle in 
the Held to sustain a cause for which Ihey (tlie 
N'ortlicrn Democraeyihad dared to do n.p more 
than speak and vote and pray. Third, last 
and least, were nil tho.se apostate Union men 
who hunger and thirst after office and tlic 
spoils thereof; who greedily gather up the 
crumbs that fall from the political table. That 



lick their sore, and m»ke then, the chief m«n ' Kwt M /-... mblv ^ud iJ' ho hn. fh "' "^ "" "" ' 

whose presence in that Convention was ^ Co.nVntioni w.^^^^^^ New .r ,:„„. 

painful surprise to tlieir Union friends- niei, I «n. V, Lv i ! ) r " '" ■'""''''''e Hint we 
of whom hfgherandnoblerthin^^/were cipec" o th- linV" bu,"-' n »,',."," n'"" '^';,''"»'^ "^'"i 
^^IJ^'^T'^?. •?-" -?-d wi,h^,onor in^t ' dtatl or,he '.'llt'i^on'" I'iTs p,;^s'i"bl'e^h:t"i;e 



army of the Union. Lot ns hope that wlrcu 
they see the company into which tlicv have 
fallen, they will remember the holv <ause I'oi 
which they have fouirht and retrace their uu 



ss-S'i.^\,K„::s-s» = tiSsB=B:=i!^'i 



President propo:_^ ...v,,.^ lui ^, 

tions now pending before the nation 
And now let us examine its doctrine 



intends to fultill hi*. I;n.mi^r lo m.ike treason, 
odious, by making hinifdl the most con- 
spicuous example of public trcaclirrv What- 

>■ ''I'lhc President's meaning, tbc'loval peo- 

, ,, - . „ him that he" it not 

mtrollcr of Congress, but the executor ol 



settle tbr irrPBt „„,. :,,■'"'"■'"■ "'^""Sress, out ine executor of 

L .. .■ *- '"^'' "* '""'^ ""d 'he some people who elevited 

ore the nation. iiim f,. i,;^ ),!,,i. „i„„.. ...:,,'.,'..." cit\.iRu 



The 



- -— ......^ i,n ,J^^(. II UIt->. J lit- 

leading thought which inspired all the declara- 
tions of the C'onTention, was uttered bv Alex- 



nm to his high place, will, if justice ;ind liber- 
ty re.|uire it, let fall on him a bolt of eondcni- 
.mtion which will settle forever the question 
tli.1t Presidents are the servants, not the mas- 



mittee of Congress, three months ago : •' tie "- mpaired ' " T m, , t ?, ?. ""^ 't''^ '^"' " ""• 
gia wUl accept no conditions of rcstonti. n - n hL ,l!7.i„ r .1 ""* ,P™POfi«'«n with the 
She claims to%„n,e back wiih he" priv e^e of , a"l t lie 'uthori v "f" 1,:'^ l"sf H°"'"^"''> 

ihfri,i;;^[^r^tii:^''-vr^'^!z^-,--rS?^ 

{^^ njat?r:i![^ic:^:rt;^^ ;^:^^ ifsWv^rir -^i^^t^i^x^.,^ 

tion in the two'hous s ot Co, iss-^ T hi" f ■ m,\ ^'T"'""""}-' '"'•'* "'^^"""S Xorth Car"- 
say was the central thougmin'-.fie^^onvJni^.n I Union'" lir/l '''^'r ' .rlf';'"' '" ""■ 

words, through his four column address wu 

not able to sink it out of sight. In Ihci 

"declaration of principles" it is e.xpre-.slv a( 

fimcdthatthe war "left the rights and" an- nerulf 

thority ot thebtates f,-ec and unimpaired ; that .I,,lin-tnn Bn',ki„,;,i,- 

:'!'/i":':."^?^'''''*?."'?'""'.'= J'^-^'dent has any pow- and Forre.-t, might hau. 



atrocious doctrine that rebels inarms were ... 
titled to a voice in the Government which they 
were hghtnig at the same time to destroy.— 
While the rebel army was in winter quarters 
rciTuifm- for the next canipnign, Lee and 

^to*."^" '»"' I'll- Wiv.-IUL-Iii lias anv pl>W- ■iiul K«trn--t n.Mrl.tl.,. , I ^, ' ?''"' ^'0»ol 

er to question their rlg{,t .,f representation." i un, t a's c' tlie^i, , lu r' w "i"',''"' '''"^ "' 

Planting themscvcs on thi- doi trill,, tli.va l- not uiisc, tlieii uthcr.^ wlj.i had never been 

that th "peopl, ,.!,.,■, u\ .'wu • mn- -..nK ''7\^;.^'"«asli t" take sue), public part in the 

those whl.aek.iowhdg,. he, .u'ifiJdi"; '"'^'f'""" •>'.«* "i'"^' ™"''' ""t '"l^" '''^- t^'^t 

of the rebel Slates to" ii.VmnJ a e re, re- ■nta ,h' n"'"* ""^'-^ ''"''' *''''^'' ^■'"^"-'' ™*^* ''-> 

tion. Thcv also .ask the P e,id .ntlo uX hts i "7>""«,c strength in the :is,h Congress 

vast offlciai patronage to secure this result -^ e'succes'fn'"r''h' ,•'"'' '""^^' '""^ "^^"'■^ 



Convent,on and then gave utterance to a sen 
ti,nent so reckless and revolutionary as to 
have created the profoundest alarm amonc 
loyal men The Democratic and rebel jour- 
nals have for months been denouncing Con- 
gress as an illegal body, a revolutionary rump, 
aiid have demanded their dispersion bv force. 



, -"v ^ ""•"■ Lut:\ uiti uoL renevc 

themselves from their obligations to the Union 
but by treason and war thev forfeited their 
rights to life and propcrtv. it was forthe vic- 
torious tiovernn,ent to sav what mcrcv should 
be extended, what rights should be restored. 

CONUBESS MI-9T OKO.lMZl! KKI'IBL,CAN GOV- 
BK.VMENTS TO TilE ST.VTES 

It is the dulv of ilir (;,M,^'r,ss of the United 



»»-.**i --- ~— f "^"^ ^*i'n--aot-u iiic opinion It is the 

that the acts o( ths Congress are illci-il tin a.i./ • ■ j, , 

cause the rebel States arc not rtMir "cnt -rt I ^'f''*' *"J'^"'<-'d ''.vthe Constitution, "to guar- 

^sper.e them a,iT recog„i.!^%f^^^^;j'\^^ ,^-- --:- 



..f the 



Democratic members in the Con^r 
United States. But all these mitJ^.s,,,,,,, „cre 
regarded as the insane raving- ,,i ,i„.„ l.iimU-d 
by partisan furv. But hm; in „ M„a-.li m-idi- 
byappointtiient, to a cmmitte,. il.ose pfans 
and imrposei. be not only k,„-,v h„t had helped 
to lorin, Andrew .J,lLl,^„Il u^cd thi^ language : 
>\e have seen hanging on thi' ver"c ofthe 
<JOVcrumeut as it were, a bodv callcd^or which 
assuined to be a Congress of tiic United States 
but in tact a Cong,ess of onlv part of tin- 
States." Who is the ■'Govcr,"i,„cnt " upon 
the -verge" of which the President decla,-es 
the Congress of the United States "lmn"-s" 
as i.n anlawfui appendage ? We had ,M,pn,^-icl 
that the (.ovcninient ol'tlie United 8tat(i cii 
Bisted of the suprcne power of the i..-..ii|, 
vested in the legislative, judicial, and Lxeni' 
tive departments. He speaks of the Thii-ty 



the case of the Dorr rebellion in 184^'. The 
court said: 

" Under this article of the Constitution it 
rests w,th Congress to decide which govern- 
ment ot the two set uji in I!hodc Island is the 
established one, for a> the United .'Jtates Guar- 
antees to each State a repiibliLan government 
Cong,-ess n,ust necessarily detcru,ine what 
government is established in a State before it 
can decide whether it is repiil,lican or not.— 
\M,en the Senators and Kci.nsentatives of a 
Stale are admitted int.i tin- cnuneils of the 
Lnion, the authoi-ity nf the (iuvernment tin- 
der wliKli they are apjiointcd is recognized by 
til.; Iinqier constitutional authoilty, and its de- 
. i-H.ii ]■. lunding on every other department 
..I U'v (■.ivcrument. Undoubtedly a milita,-y 
govuriiment established on the pennanent 
government of the State would not be a i-epub- 



ninth Congress as "a body called oi assumed S":*^™""^"' »* "^'^ St'i'e would not bea,-epub- 
to be the Congress ot'thefimed State" ^i Con'I^^^rtoove/t'lu-ow'i't."""''' "^ "" "'''' "'' 



« 



1 aiibwcf tliL- aoctiiiie ul lUe I'ljiluJclpliia 
Coiivciitidii by Ihu tUtt that tln' Fixsiilcnt d.'- 
maudcd th:x-ij. piuliuiii.arv comliti.n.s as iu.li. 
lieii^ablc tu hi;! locoiiiiitiori of tin- ivli.-l .state- 
to reprcsuntutioii in Co!i-iu,r. He deiiiaiKk-d: 

1st. riiat thuBu States declare all their acts 
ol seeesMon void from the beL'iuuin.i,'. 

-■-d- That they sliould ratify the' eoustitn- 
tional aiiieiidincm :^boli^biIll;■ ^laverv 

3(1. Tliat they >liould n pudiate'all their 
'''.^''> "".'raced to support the rebellion. 
, ihu Fhdadelphia Convention .say:, that rep- 
resentation is an inalienable rb'lit ivhieli the 
war did not impair. If this be true the Pres- 
ident i» eondcmuedfor iniposiu- conditions.— 
But It may be claimed thnt the three condi- 
tion, have been complied with and that S^tato 

el','v'n"<V?" ''^'yV,'"'"' '^^•-'^'"'li'^'"-'^! i" -111 the 
Lk\en states and Ongresa shonld have reeo.'- 
luzed the Jaet. I answer that with the Bin-Te 
exception ol Tennessee, nut one of the Con- 
stitutions ol these States have been ratified by 
the people of these States, or even submitted i 
to them. (Jan this be enllJd a repubh'ean ",v' ' 
emment of a State which «as framed iry a 
Convention ol pardoned rebels under the dic- 
tation ol a mUitary Governor and the Com- 
laander-imCh.ef of the arniie, of the United 
States .' But even if these governments were 
lawful and republican in every rcpect ha\e the 
coiulitions which the President demanded been 
so secured as to Ijcconiu " irreversible "uaroi- 
ties." ^ 

It is said that the Lei^rislatures have repudi- 
ated the rebel debt. Jlay they not, a year 
hence, rei)eill the acts of repudiation ? It is 
said that the Civil rii^hts bil^is now a law and 
wiU give the freedmen adeiiuale protection.— 
A\ 10 does not know that the President who 
vetoed, and Ins Democratic allies who voted 
.Hpun-t tl,e iMll, Will hasten to repeal it if 
t he> .;-..■,■ .v^Mui the ])ower in Congress ?- 
u,. u,ii ,,, rept no sceuritie» which aie based 
the promises of ].erjured traitors.— 
iccept no mere acts or resolves of reb- 
. ications or rebel legishiture.s as the I 

basis of our luture jicace. The "u-inrties 
whitdi the loyal millions of the republic 'de- 
nand as conditions ol restoration must 'be ' 
1 ted above the reach of traitors and rebel 1 
b ales, and nibcdded forever in the impc'-ish- 
.ible bulwarks ol the Constitution Therefore ' 
the loyal reproentatives in the liUth Com;ress | 
pioposed aiuendmenls to the Constitution 
which, ad<,ptcd by three-fourths of the Slates 1 
will nuke ht.crty and union secure for the fu^ 
ture. r hey have i.roposed that it .shall be a 
part ot the Constitution 

Ut. That no State shall deny any pcr.on 
tlK laws J""*'^'^'""" '"^ "K'^'l profeetioi, o( 
-id. That representation shall be based upon 
the ratio ol voters to the whole populatiun.- 
P.0 that just m proportion as the right of suf- 
irage is extended (u- restricted in aiy' State, its 
rej.;esc.da„ve power shall be increased or'di- 

.er;;foJ:nrt!;k::;'':':t;ir^;i:^li:,!:!;i^;t 

Constitution of the fuitcd Stated a,ul ift„ 
ward enga-ed in rebellion against the same, or 
gave aid and comfort to the enemies thereof 
shal ho d any office, civil or military, under 
the United States; but a vote of two-tliirck of 
each House may remo\e such disability. 
4. The public , debt of the United States 

^Sn'c^briS""'"''"""""'-"'^^"^''" 
hesl;-„.S^!^!^^!"''!L.'^'"'l i;-y"- '- .enforce 



solely on 
We will : 
eouyi 



oui. i^ungress shall have power to eufc 
these provisfons by appropriate legislation. 

these propositions appeal to the moral and 
common sense of the nation as every way ^^r 
thy to become a part of the fimdainental law 
"{}} "■';? .g'oycrnmeiit. They are conditions 
with which any State lately in rebellion ca-i 
coniply withouthumiliation or disgrace, which 
no btate, if sincere in its professions of re 
ttn-ning loyalty, would hesitate to adopt - 
Jt^!i^^^""'rr^"'' ^'^'•e>-f»ll.V ■■'dopted by 
1 ?, ^-.V"r ?f T^'niiessce, though the Presi- 
dent, seconded by the rebels in that State 
">=ul. every possible ellort to prevent it, a„d 



CollL;Te^s immediately declared that State x-n- 
t.tled to repn-entation. and the membere 
' lecf wcr,; admitted to their seats. These cou- 
altlon^ embraced in the constitutional amend- 
mcnt and proposed to the late rebel State 
torm the Congressional policy. Whenever any 
: other ol the sinful elcN en eomi.ly with the same 
couditnms, it can come in as did Tennessee ■. 

THE UNION PAKTV V.S. THE DEMOOK VTtC ■ 

And, now, fellow-Citizens, the two policies 
are belore yon. It is for .vui to iletermine 
j which shall tie ad.jpted as the basis of restora- 
tion and peace. In the s( ttlemeut of the iTeiit 
issues you must vote with one of two jiaftios, 
i lor there can be no third party. The Presi- 
j dent has joined the Demoeratic party and it 
\ has joined with the rebels of the South The 
great Union jinrty and its glorious army kept 
hem apart for four year.^ and a half. We- tired 
bullets to the Ironl and ballots to the rear" we 
coinpiCRd them both in the field and at'thc 
polls. But, now that our army is withdrawn, 

I'-i VVk'"-'" '"7 "'"I'''''!- They joined at 
I hihulelphia, and Andrew Johnson is their 
eader. lhegro;it i:nion party now stands 
lace to lace with the motle> erew. With 
which will you east your lot, fellow-citizens ■■• 
Kemeraher the noble history ol the Union pa-^ 
ty. No party ever had so proud a record.— 
The Union party saved the Kepublie againat 
the most powerful and bloody conspi- 
racy ever formed since Satan fell from 
heaven. It broke the shackles from the 
imbs ol tour million slaves, and redeemed the 
I lair lame of the nation. It led its arms to vic- 
tory on lour thousand uattle-lields. It won 
I every victory and scattered every army that 
I bore a rebel banner. It has enrolled amone 
I Its members the old Eepublican party oT 
I freedom; all the loyal Denu;erats who follow- 
ed Douglas, or loved their country were their 
party-all the soldiers who sutlbred and eou- 
.|iicred--the 2.XI,0tW heroes who fell on the 
held 01 honor were Union men, and eoiild they 

letfi, H "'i't •"' '''°'"'y "'■'''''■'^ '"-''"y ^™''''l vote 
« ith the Union party. 

The Denioeratic party is eompo.ied of all 
wio conspired to destroythe Republic, and of 
a 1 tho«e w 10 foiigl,t;to make treason trium- 
phant. It broke tuu thousand oaths, and to 
Its perjury added mm der. Marvation and as 
sassmation. It declared through the State 
Convention of (Hiio i,, Istil, that if the Un- 
. ion men of Ohio should ever attempt to enter 
a Southern State to suppress the rebellion bj 

K.s oU-OO.OCKI Ohio Democrats. In the mid fu- 
i.v of the struggle it declared tiie war a failure 
aiul (lemaiuled a ee.ssatioii of hostilities. In 
he Democratic jiarty is enrolled every man 
« ho led a rebel army or voluntarily carried a 

lial , who c-illed the Union boldicrs '•I-incob. 
niieliug.s uegro worshipers,'' or auv vile 
name. Booth, Wirz, Harold and Payne' were 
Democrats. Lvery rebel guerilla and'javhawk- 
ei, ex cry man who ran to Canada to avoid the 
Oialt, every bounty jumper, every deserter 
every cowardly sneak that ran .from danger 
and disgraced his Hag. every man who loves 
slavery and hates liberty, every man who 
helped massacre loyal negroes at Fort PiUow 

ot the Golden Circle, every incendiary who 
helped burn Northern steamboats and Noith- 
eru hotels, and eveiy villain of whatever name 
or crime, who loves power more than justice 
slavery more than freedom, is a Democrat ami 
an mdoi-ser of Andrew Joiuisou. Fellow cit- 
izens, I cannot doubt the issue of such a cou- 
tCht., I have boundless faitli in the loyal peo- 
ple, and I beseech them by all fh"e proud 
aehicvementB of the past live "years, by the im- 
raorUU memories of the heroic dead, by til.' 
ove they bore to the starved and slauglitered 
thousands who jierished for their country and 
are sleeping in unknown graves, by all the 
high and holy consideratiorui of loyalty justice 
and truth to pause not in tlic work you have 
bc,gun t, the Union, crowned with victory 
.iiH established by justice, shall enter upon its 
liigh career of freedom and peace. i 



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